Optimal Placement of Synchronized Voltage Traveling Wave Sensors in a Radial Distribution Network

A transmission line fault generates transient high frequency travelling waves (TWs) that propagate through the entire network. The location can be determined by recording instants at which incident arrive various points in In single end-based methods, wave arrival time and its subsequent reflections from point are used to identify location. heavily branched distribution networks, magnitude of traveling declines rapidly as it passes multiple junctions cause reflection refraction signal. Therefore, detecting first a impedance is significant challenge electrical particular, temporarily may not possible. or temporary faults network with many branches, loads, switching devices distributed transformers, observers required observe fully observable locatable requires least one observer per branch spur cost effective solution. This paper proposes reasonable number relatively low-cost voltage TW GPS time-synchronization radio communication detect timestamp several this regard, method optimally place given detectors maximize observability locatability presented. Results show robustness proposed intermittent within networks minimum observers.